| 解释说明)，emphasis(强调论证)，exemplification(举例说明)，cause and effect(因果论证)，comparison and contrast(比较与对比)facts and statistics(事实和统计数据)，concession and refutation(让步与反驳)，classification(分类)，definition(下定义)，analogy(比喻)等。论证手法的运用还应该和关联词结合起来。
Communicative Quality(交流质量)大体上与Task 1的Coherence and Cohesion相同，也涉及文章中代词，关联词，同义反义词等的运用。常用的关联词有：对比however, although, but, nevertheless；结果as a result, as a consequence, therefore, because of this, otherwise；附加in addition, additionally, and, as well as, furthermore, also, moreover；举例for example, for instance, such as, including；强调in fact, indeed；时间after, following, before, until, during, between, while等。
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